It was decided that one of the best ways to ensure the wellbeing of the citizenry was through regulating who could enter the territory of the state and who could not. Thus, in the wake of the Paris Conference, the concept of passports mutated to also regulate the movement of people owing to “ considerations of health or national security”.įurthermore, the demands of post-war reconstruction and recovery put a premium on healthy populations. The death toll, which surpassed that of the war itself, revealed the vulnerability of modern states linked by globalization to pandemics. The preamble to the resolution adopted at the 1920 Paris Conference on Passports and Customs Formalities and Through Tickets suggested that passports were only a temporary measure until “ the pre-war conditions gradually re-established”.īut, the onset of the Spanish Flu pandemic put a spanner in the works. At the end of the war, the intention of the signatories of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, however, was a return to the pre-war “ freedom of communications and of transit”. It was only the start of the war that led European countries to begin closely monitoring their borders for security reasons. If a person had the means to pay for their fare and the ability to procure work and accommodation, they could travel (largely) unhindered across national borders. Before the First World War, essentially one did not need a passport to travel. The idea of immunity passports is not a new concept, however. Such a measure is touted as a way of kickstarting economic activity again, particularly as the potential economic toll of COVID-19 is unprecedented in recent human history. The idea is that through the mass testing of populations, a database of immune people could be generated which would allow the gradual re-opening of societies and borders. It is a form of documentation confirming that a person is immune to COVID-19. The concept of an immunity passport for COVID-19 is quite straightforward. Of the many potential global measures for mitigating the threat of COVID-19 that are being discussed, one of the more prominent is the introduction of “immunity passports.” To put it simply, the international community is in crisis and how to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic to re-start global interaction is a hot topic at the moment. COVID-19 follows in the well-trodden footsteps of millennia of human responses to pandemics. From the undermining of democratic processes, the growing racism (initially, in the West, against Chinese – and people of Asian background – and now, in China, against foreigners), the weakening of international collaboration as demonstrated by the global scramble for vital medical supplies, to the enveloping politics of fear. And the responses to the current COVID-19 pandemic seem to confirm the timeless wisdom of this statement. Rapid antigen test: 24 hours from when the sample was taken.Emilian Kavalski and Nicholas Ross Smith, from the University of Nottingham Ningbo China, take the proposed introduction of immunity passports to remind of the hundred-year-old relationship between pandemics and travel documents.Īs the proverb goes: “there is nothing new under the sun”. PCR test: 72 hours from when the sample was taken. The COVID certificate on the basis of an antibody test is no longer issued. The certificate is valid from the 11th day after the positive test result and lasts for 180 days from the date of the test result. Tested positive with a PCR test or a rapid antigen test The following exemption applies to people who received the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine: The certificate is only valid from the 22nd day after the vaccine dose is administered. Other countries may specify different periods of validity.Ģ70 days from when the last vaccine dose was administered. Important: The following information is valid in Switzerland. The validity may be adjusted on the basis of new scientific data. The validity period varies according to whether your COVID certificate documents a vaccination, recovery from COVID-19 or a negative test. You must submit the application to the issuing body in person so that your details can be checked on the spot. You hold a legitimation card under the Host State Ordinance.You are an asylum seeker with a permit or confirmation.You are a foreign national with a short-term residence permit, residence permit, permanent residence permit or cross-border commuter permit.Corp.)Īnd you must belong to one of the following groups and be able to provide evidence of this: You must have received one of the following vaccines: If you have received a vaccine that is on the WHO emergency use list and if you belong to one of the following groups of persons, you will receive a Swiss COVID certificate that is EU-compliant and meets the common validity period (currently 365 days in Switzerland). Persons with residence permit vaccinated with WHO emergency-approved vaccine
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